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Advanced

Best Practices

Guidelines for building secure, efficient, and maintainable Solana applications

Security Best Practices

Never Expose Private Keys

  • • Never commit private keys to version control
  • • Use environment variables for sensitive data
  • • Never log or display private keys in UI
  • • Rotate keys immediately if exposed
  • • Use hardware wallets for large amounts

Transaction Validation

  • • Always verify transaction details before signing
  • • Check recipient addresses carefully
  • • Validate token amounts and decimals
  • • Review smart contract interactions
  • • Be wary of phishing attempts

Wallet Security

  • • Backup seed phrases securely (offline)
  • • Use strong passwords for wallet encryption
  • • Enable 2FA where available
  • • Keep wallet software up to date
  • • Disconnect wallet when not in use

Development Best Practices

Test on Devnet First

Always test your operations on devnet before deploying to mainnet:

  • • Free SOL available via airdrop
  • • Identical functionality to mainnet
  • • Safe environment for experimentation
  • • Test edge cases and error handling
NEXT_PUBLIC_SOLANA_NETWORK=devnet

Error Handling

Implement comprehensive error handling:

try { await transferToken({...}); } catch (error) { if (error.message.includes('insufficient')) { // Handle insufficient balance } else if (error.message.includes('timeout')) { // Handle network timeout } else { // Handle generic errors } }

TypeScript Usage

Leverage TypeScript for type safety:

  • • Define interfaces for all data structures
  • • Use strict mode in tsconfig.json
  • • Avoid 'any' type when possible
  • • Utilize type guards for runtime checks
  • • Document complex types with JSDoc

Code Organization

Maintain a clean and organized codebase:

  • • Group related functionality into modules
  • • Use consistent naming conventions
  • • Keep components small and focused
  • • Extract reusable logic into hooks/utilities
  • • Document complex logic with comments

Performance Best Practices

Optimize RPC Usage

  • • Batch multiple account requests together
  • • Cache responses when appropriate
  • • Use websockets for real-time updates
  • • Choose commitment level wisely (finalized vs confirmed)
  • • Consider using custom RPC providers for better rates

Transaction Optimization

  • • Combine multiple instructions when possible
  • • Use priority fees during network congestion
  • • Implement retry logic with exponential backoff
  • • Monitor and optimize compute units
  • • Consider using versioned transactions for larger ops

Frontend Performance

  • • Use React.memo for expensive components
  • • Implement virtual scrolling for large lists
  • • Lazy load heavy dependencies
  • • Optimize images and assets
  • • Minimize re-renders with proper state management

DeFi Best Practices

Understand Risks

  • • Impermanent loss in liquidity pools
  • • Smart contract vulnerabilities
  • • Price slippage on large trades
  • • Liquidation risk with leverage
  • • Protocol-specific risks

Trading Strategy

  • • Start with small amounts to test strategies
  • • Set appropriate slippage tolerance
  • • Use limit orders for better execution
  • • Monitor gas fees and optimize timing
  • • Diversify across multiple protocols

Yield Farming

  • • Research protocols thoroughly before depositing
  • • Understand tokenomics and emission schedules
  • • Calculate break-even points including fees
  • • Monitor positions regularly
  • • Have exit strategies prepared

NFT Best Practices

Metadata Storage

Use permanent storage solutions:

  • • Arweave for permanent, decentralized storage
  • • IPFS with pinning services as alternative
  • • Never use centralized servers for valuable NFTs
  • • Backup metadata JSON files locally

Collection Management

  • • Verify collections before minting
  • • Set fair royalty percentages (5-10%)
  • • Keep update authority until collection complete
  • • Document rarity distribution clearly
  • • Consider compressed NFTs for large collections

Monitoring and Maintenance

Application Monitoring

  • • Set up error tracking (Sentry, LogRocket)
  • • Monitor RPC endpoint health
  • • Track transaction success rates
  • • Log critical operations for audit trails
  • • Set up alerts for anomalies

Regular Maintenance

  • • Keep dependencies updated
  • • Monitor for security vulnerabilities
  • • Review and optimize database queries
  • • Clean up unused code and assets
  • • Document changes and updates

Development Checklist

Before Deployment

  • ✓ Test on devnet thoroughly
  • ✓ Audit smart contracts
  • ✓ Review all environment variables
  • ✓ Set up monitoring tools
  • ✓ Prepare rollback procedures
  • ✓ Document API endpoints

After Deployment

  • ✓ Monitor error rates
  • ✓ Check transaction success rates
  • ✓ Verify RPC connectivity
  • ✓ Test critical user flows
  • ✓ Monitor performance metrics
  • ✓ Gather user feedback

Community Resources

Stay connected with the Solana developer community:

  • • Join the Solana Discord for support
  • • Follow Solana Foundation on Twitter
  • • Participate in hackathons and events
  • • Contribute to open-source projects
  • • Share knowledge through blog posts
  • • Attend Solana Breakpoint conference